Scales are sequences of notes that form the foundation of melodies and harmonies. Each scale type has a unique interval pattern.

Diatonic scales: Major, Natural Minor (7 notes)
Pentatonic scales: 5-note scales common in folk and blues
Modal scales: Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Locrian
Chromatic: All 12 semitones in Western music